Foreign Language Essay :: Essays

Antonio Machado es un poeta, que naci en Sevilla, el 26 de julio de 1875. Fue influido por el moderismo y el simbolismo pero su obra se expresa determine lirica de la Generacin del 98. Su ninez la paso en Sevilla y en 1883 se movi con su familia a Madrid. Tenia un hermano que se llamaba Manuel Machado con el que juntos fueron a la Institucin Libre de Enseanza, que era privada y muy liberal. Su actitud humanitaria, liberal, y las actividades que en ella se hacan, como viajes a los pueblos cercanos a Madrid y la sierra de Guadarrama despertaron en l un amor al campo y a la naturaleza que despus pudimos ver en genus Sus poemas. En 1889 dej la institucin para empezar el bachillerato (bachlors degree). El resultado no fue nada bueno aprob la Geografa, pero lo suspendieron Latn y Castellano y Historia de Espaa. Su padre murio en 1893, y ese mismo ao el publico sus primeros trabajos en La Caricatura, revista que se public en Madrid en los aos 1892 y 1893. Probablemente por su necesidad de dinero, Antonio y Manuel se van a equatings. Manuel consigue un puesto de traductor en la Editorial Gamier para los libros en castellano destinados a Hispanoamrica. En marzo de 1899 empieza a trabajar y tres meses despus Antonio tambien trabaja para el mismo editor. El trabajo que hacen es aburrido, cansado, y mal pagado, pero les consuela el que practican y mejoran sus conocimientos de francs. Adems, como les queda tiempo libre, vuelven a escribir versos. Pero pronto siente Antonio la trizteza de Madrid, de sus amigos, de su familia, y en el mes de octubre vuelven. En este segundo viaje a Paris, Antonio, tuvo la oportunidad de encontrarse con rilen Dar. Antonio le dijo sobre los poemas que escriba para su primer libro, Soledades, y esos poemas, tan verdaderos y tristez, impresionaron a Rubn, que los comentaba con su adjetivo favorito, admirable, admirable. Desde entonces, mostro siempre Daro admiracin por Antonio Machado, publicamente decia en varias ocasiones. En las ltimas sem anas de enero de 1903, aparece el primer libro de Antonio, Soledades editado por la revista Ibrica. En estos poemas medita sobre el tiempo pasado, recordando cuando era nino. Tambin habla sobre la muerte, y palabras tan tristez como hasto, monotona, bostezo, amargura, llorar, se repiten mucho. El 27 de enero de 1939 la familia Machado llega a un pequeo pueblo francs, Collioure, y se instala en un hotel.

Nelson Mandela Essay -- Essays Papers

Nelson MandelaA transformationalsMandela, Nelson Rolihlahla, South Africas first black president. Mandela was widely revered by blacks end-to-end Africa as a symbol of black liberation. He gained almost legendary status through the 1980s as South Africas leading antiapartheid figure, expect the forefront of the black struggle after his release from prison. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born July 18, 1918 near Umtata in Transkei, in the Eastern Cape, into the royal family of the Tembu, a Xhosa-speaking tribe. He was educated at a British missionary boarding school and at Fort Hare University, from which he was expelled in 1940 for leading a strike with Oliver Tambo. He returned home, save ran away to Soweto in Transvaal province, giving up his hereditary chieftanship to avoid an arranged marriage. He eventually obtained a law degree from the University of South Africa. Helped by Walter Sisulu, Mandela and Tambo pay off up South Africas first black law firm. In 1944, the three me n formed the African National Congress Youth League, which came to dominate the ANC in 1948. He became president of the league in 1950. Meanwhile Mandela married Evelyn Ntoko, with whom he had three children. The couple later were divorced. Mandela was arrested in 1955 and was acquitted of treason in 1961. aft(prenominal) the trial, Mandela took up armed insurrection, traveling abroad for military training. Upon his return to South Africa, he went underground and formed the ANCs military wing,...

The Destruction of Willy Loman in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Destruction of Willy Lo small-arm in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman In the go for Death of A Salesman, author Arthur Miller shows how cruel life can be through the life of Willy Loman, the main character. His feelings of guilt, failure, and sadness result in his demise. Willys gumption of pride is a very big issue in his life he doesnt like people to give him handouts, although he may subscribe to them. exactly the feeling of failure overrides him when he learns about the loss of his job. But I got to be in 10-12 hours a day. Other men-I dont distinguish-they do it easier. I dont know why-I cant bring out myself I talk to much. (p.37) Willy being a hard working man that tries his best realises epochs have changed. His youthfulness and life have begun to fade. A man his age working ten to twelve hours a day is very unlikely. I dont want you to represent us. Ive been meaning to tell you a grand time now (p.83) When Willy first gear heard this from his boss, that is a man younger than him begins to cry. A man his age working in a company that yen doesnt sincerely deserve to be fired. It makes his life seem a waste, and makes him imagine himself as a failure. I was fired and I am looking for a weeny good news to tell your mother, because the woman has waited and suffered. (p.107) Willy is clueless of what is to come of his family and feels he has let everyone down. He fai guide to support his wife along with his sons. His life was essentially devote to impressing others and the one job he had led him to failure. In Willy Lomans life, guilt played a big role. He lived many years feeling ruthful of what led and followed after cheating on his wife. Now look thrusting, when you grow up youll understand about these things. You mustnt overemphasize a thing like this. (p.120) When Biff first caught his father cheating on his mother he reacted in a very harsh, way leaving his father feeling guilty. Biff began to realize his building block life wa s a fake. You fake You phony little fake You fake Overcome, Biff turns quickly and weeping fully goes out with his suitcase. Willy is left on the bedight on his knees(p.The Destruction of Willy Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Death Salesman essaysThe Destruction of Willy Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman In the book Death of A Salesman, author Arthur Miller shows how cruel life can be through the life of Willy Loman, the main character. His feelings of guilt, failure, and sadness result in his demise. Willys sense of pride is a very big issue in his life he doesnt like people to give him handouts, although he may need them. But the feeling of failure overrides him when he learns about the loss of his job. But I got to be in 10-12 hours a day. Other men-I dont know-they do it easier. I dont know why-I cant stop myself I talk to much. (p.37) Willy being a hard working man that tries his best realizes times have changed. His youthfulness and life have begun to fade. A man his age working ten to twelve hours a day is very unlikely. I dont want you to represent us. Ive been meaning to tell you a long time now (p.83) When Willy first heard this from his boss, that is a man younger than him begins to cry. A man his age working in a company that long doesnt really deserve to be fired. It makes his life seem a waste, and makes him imagine himself as a failure. I was fired and I am looking for a little good news to tell your mother, because the woman has waited and suffered. (p.107) Willy is clueless of what is to come of his family and feels he has let everyone down. He failed to support his wife along with his sons. His life was basically devoted to impressing others and the one job he had led him to failure. In Willy Lomans life, guilt played a big role. He lived many years feeling remorseful of what led and followed after cheating on his wife. Now look Biff, when you grow up youll understand about these things. You mustnt overemphasize a thing like this. (p.120) When Biff first caught his father cheating on his mother he reacted in a very harsh, way leaving his father feeling guilty. Biff began to realize his whole life was a fake. You fake You phony little fake You fake Overcome, Biff turns quickly and weeping fully goes out with his suitcase. Willy is left on the floor on his knees(p.

Definitions of Words Relating to Colonial America :: American History Puritans War Essays

Definitions of Words Relating to Colonial America1.Iroquois Confederacy confederation of five indigenous North American peoples, or nations, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca founded c.1570. 2.Powhatan Confederacy a group of 30 Native American tribes of the Eastern Woodlands.3.Raleigh, Sir Walter 1554-1618, English soldier, explorer, courtier, and man of letters. He conceived and organized the colonizing expeditions to America that ended tragically with the upset colony on Roanoke Island, VA with Christopher Marlowe and George Chapman.4.Roanoke Island 12 mi (19 km) long and 3 mi (4.8 km) wide, off the NE coast of North Carolina between Albemarle and Pimlico sounds, site of the earliest English colony in North America. The first colonists, sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh landed in Aug. 1585 but returned to England in 1586. A second group, arriving in 1587, disappeared by the time additional supplies were brought from England in 1591. Artifacts from the lost colony are disp layed in Fort Raleigh National Historic Site on the island.5.Virginia caller-up name of two English colonization companies chartered by King James I in 1606. One founded on the Plymouth Colony the other, latter cognize as the capital of the United Kingdom Company, founded colonies in the South, notably Jamestown, VA.6.Jamestown former village, SE Va., first permanent English settlement in America est. May 14, 1607, by the London Company on a peninsula (now an island) in the James R. named for the reigning English king, James I.7.Royal Colony In 1691 a new royal charter was granted for the colony of Massachusetts, which incorporated the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth, Marthas Vineyard, Nantucket Island, Maine, and Nova Scotia. Under the charter a popular assemblage was established to aid the royal governor, and the right to elect representatives to the assembly was based on property qualifications, rather than on church membership. The royal charter ended control of Massachu setts government by Puritan ghostlike leaders.8.Puritans Followers of Puritanism, a movement for reform in the Church of England that had a profound influence on the social, political, ethical, and theological ideas in England and America. In America the early bare-ass England settlements were Puritan in origin and theocratic in nature. The spirit of Puritanism long persisted there, and the idea of congregational democratic government was carried into the political life of the state as one source of modern democracy. 9.Plymouth Colony settled by the Pilgrims in Massachusetts in 1620. The settlers had difficulty surviving early hardships, although a treaty with next tribes assured peace for 50 years.

Charles Dickens Hard Times Essays -- Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay

Charles devil Hard TimesCharles Dickenss Hard Times is one of the more or less important novels in theVictorian Age. He presents an industrial society in nineteenth centuryin England. In this age, England prospers in manufacture and tradebecause of spirited technologies. It is alike a time of trouble. Industrialdevelopment causes terrible conditions of a working class. The workers ar poor and work hard. Women and children work for many hours.Dickens also presents bad social condition through his work and alsoshows lives of city people and industrial society in Coketown inEngland. In Hard times, Dickens has a compassion for the workers andcalls for the readers sympathy by showing the workers hardshipsthrough Stephen Blackpool, a worker who is honest, innocent, generousand full of integrity. However, facing dead-end situations, StephenBlackpool is the almost pathetic figure.Stephen Blackpool is the most suffered and submissive worker. Althoughhe is good, skilful and diligent power -loom weaver, his life is notmuch improved, but he has to work for survival. Dickens presents thatmost of Coketown citizens are workers. He says that they are generically called the Hands- a race who would have found morefavor with some people, if the Providence had seen fit to make them lonesome(prenominal) hands, or, like the lower creatures of the seashore, only handsand stomachs- lived a certain Stephen Blackpool, for forty years ofage. Dickens comments on the terrible lives of workers. The word generically presents that the workers cant rise in the world becausethey have no education and have not enough money to make their livesbetter and comfortable. Their children must face the hardship such asworking hard and ... ...asks for tooth root to improve the workers lives because this is an importantproblem.The setting increases the compassion for Stephen. It is dark andsilent. Everybody mourns for him, and the darkness symbolizes sorrowand death. This picture also shows Rachaels love for Stephen. Shekneels on the grass, clasp his hand and tries to comfort although hehurts badly and is going to die.This picture shows the relationship between Stephen Blackpool, hiswife and Rachael. Stephen and Rachael love each other, but he cantdivorce his wife because of the high expense in lawsuit that he cantafford. Rachael is good and generous woman who takes care of Stephenswife. She is like an angel, light and shining star. On the contrary,his wife is helpless and alcoholic. She increases Stephens burden andtries to commit suicide, but Rachael can save her life.

Charles Dickens Hard Times Essays -- Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay

Charles Dickens Hard TimesCharles Dickenss Hard Times is one of the most important novels in theVictorian Age. He presents an industrial society in nineteenth centuryin England. In this age, England prospers in manufacture and tradebecause of high technologies. It is also a time of trouble. industrialdevelopment causes terrible conditions of a working class. The workersare poor and work hard. Women and children work for many hours.Dickens also presents bad social condition finished his work and alsoshows lives of city people and industrial society in Coketown inEngland. In Hard times, Dickens has a blessing for the workers andcalls for the readers sympathy by showing the workers hardshipsthrough Stephen Blackpool, a worker who is honest, innocent, too-generousand full of integrity. However, facing dead-end situations, StephenBlackpool is the most pathetic figure.Stephen Blackpool is the most suffered and submissive worker. Althoughhe is good, skilful and lively power-loom weaver, his life is notmuch improved, but he has to work for survival. Dickens presents thatmost of Coketown citizens are workers. He says that they are generically called the Hands- a race who would carry found morefavor with some people, if the Providence had seen fit to make themonly hands, or, like the lower creatures of the seashore, only handsand stomachs- lived a certain Stephen Blackpool, for twoscore years ofage. Dickens comments on the terrible lives of workers. The word generically presents that the workers cant rise in the world becausethey have no education and have not full money to make their livesbetter and comfortable. Their children must face the hardship such asworking hard and ... ...asks forsolution to improve the workers lives because this is an importantproblem.The setting increases the compassion for Stephen. It is dark andsilent. Everybody mourns for him, and the darkness symbolizes sorrowand death. This picture also shows Rachaels love for Stephen. Shekneels on the grass, clasp his hand and tries to comfort although hehurts badly and is going to die.This picture shows the kind between Stephen Blackpool, hiswife and Rachael. Stephen and Rachael love each other, but he cantdivorce his wife because of the high expense in lawsuit that he cantafford. Rachael is good and generous woman who takes care of Stephenswife. She is like an angel, light and shining star. On the contrary,his wife is helpless and alcoholic. She increases Stephens burden andtries to commit suicide, but Rachael can save her life.

Evaluation of corporate performance Essay

Evaluation of corporate movementIntroductionHershey union History Hershey chocolate lodge was founded in the United States by Milton Hershey in 1909. The Hershey Company is a leading manufacturer of quality non-chocolate and chocolate and other chocolate-related grocery products in North America. The keep company has in excess of 80 brands rough the globe and its annual revenues ar about $ 7.1 billion. Some of the famous brands of Hershey Company include Jolly Rancher, Reeses, Hersheys, Ice Breakers and Hersheys kisses (Bozich, 2009). Hershey Company has been foc employ on improving its presence in main international markets as well as making sure that they have a competitive edge in North America. In addition, Hershey Company has big plans of brandishing its portfolio into other brands other than confectionery, where they will find out new ways of bringing unspoiledness to individuals all(prenominal)where. For over great hundred years, the company has been committed in ca rrying out good business through operating sustainably, ethically and fairly thus making a positive forge on the society. In this regard they been contributing towards a better life for its consumers, communities, employees, and eventually making sure that those children who argon in need have a bright future (Stansberry, 2012).Strengths and weaknesses of HersheyStrengths Hershey Company has grown from to a $ 4 billion having various quality chocolates. The company also has a strong brand line which gives the company a strong image. The company has many strengths since they have been in business for a long period of epoch. The company has got a very good reputation among the personaholders since it pays the dividends always in time to all their shargonholders. This has also led to many consumers being loyal to them and to have trust on the company. The company is prevalent due to their strong customer relations. Another strength of Hershey is that their pricing reasonable thus making them to be affordable to everyone. The Hershey Company enables their customers to make lifestyle choices which are balanced at work, school and also in the community. The company has more than fifty brands in their portfolio and has acquired very many corporations in America (The Hershey Company, 2012). Hershey has a spacious helping of the market in North America and the sales keeps increasing almost each year. Hershey brands are produced for the health conscious customers to make sure that Hershey chocolates are healthier alternatives. Hershey Company assures their consumers with health issues for instance diabetics that the chocolates they sell to them are safe and healthier alternatives. The key strategy has been reinventing the image of the chocolates from being the way they are deemed as a source of excessive calories and sugar thus making individuals to be obese and/or diabetic, to a more appealing image where the chocolates are regarded to be a significant aid for p rotecting the customers from the heart disease and also enhancing the metabolism rate through using the flavonoids in their products (Kash, 2012).Weaknesses Hershey company has however nearly weaknesses where they are supposed to improve in some areas so as to be more effective and usefulnessable. The company is supposed to try gaining more realise in international market. Also around the world, the company has got very few multinational distributors. The company also has focused their business operations more in United States, where they make more money in United States more than countries around the globe. The company has high borrowing level in order to pay their business operations (Bozich, 2009).Financial analysis of Hershey Company Hershey earns very high returns on the invested capital than most businesses because of its leading brands and huge market share. Dividing the after-tax operating profit of the company by its ordinary invested capital reveals that Hershey earns a return on invested capital in excess of 15 percent on the average. This shows that for every dollar sign that the company invests in maintaining or expanding its business, Hershey earns in excess of $ 0.15 in the after-tax boodle every year. Therefore, Hershey earns approximately 15 percent of the after-tax return on their stock portfolio every year thus making it a very profitable business (Freedland, 2010). In addition, the company compounds the effect through lowering its share count continually. Although since the pecuniary crisis Hershey Company has been unable to repurchase a huge number of the shares, the continuing trend reveals that the company is committed towards reducing its share account over time. The Hersheys combination of shareholder-friendly management and high returns on the invested capital has enriched the shareholders of Hershey Company over the last 20 years (Bozich, 2009). Hershey Company has a leading and growing share of the United States chocolate m arket its brands portfolio is more popular among the Americans compared to other brands of the other companies. This enables the company to charge prices which are higher than those of its competitors, thus alter it to earn very high returns on the invested capital. Hershey will continue earning super profits as long as the Americans focus more regarding the brand which they are buying compared to the price of sugar-and-cocoa combination (Bozich, 2009). In 2010, the net revenues of the company were 5.67 billion dollar with a net income of 510 million dollars. There was an increase of about 7% from 2009. Financial analysis shows that Hershey has been doing well fiscally. Hershey Company has for many years remained stable and profitable. The revenues of the Hershey company have been increasing every year. Despite the high revenues the company was extremely affected by recession in 2007 however the company was able to recover the recession at a pace which is fairly lovesome. The net income of the Hershey company in 2007 decreased from 559 million dollars to 214 million dollars (Freedland, 2010). The net income of the company since 2007 has risen and in 2010 was listed at 510 million dollars. The revenues of the Hershey Company from 2006 were as follows2006 $4.94 billion2007 $4.95 billion2008 $5.13 billion2009 $5.30 billion2010 $5.70 billion The EPS and profit mete of Hershey Company from 2006 goes along in the same trend. Hersheys profit margin went to 4.3% in 2007 from 11.3% in 2006. The profit margin has been increasing steadily and recently was endorse up to 8.9 percent. Similarly, the hire per share of Hershey in 2007 went to $0.93 from $2.34 in 2006. After a constant increase, recently the earnings per share was listed at $ 2.21. The sales of Hershey Company roseate by 2.4 percent year- over year in setoff quarter of 2014 (The Hershey Company, 2012). Shares in Hershey Company have increase by over 25 percent in past one year, and now they are tradin g at 100.38 dollars. Earnings per share for the recent monetary year were $ 3.61and in the current financial year Hershey expects the earnings per share (EPS) to be in a range of between $ 4.02 and $ 4.11. This means Hershey Company is currently trading at 27.8 times compared to the earnings of last year and between 24.4 times and 25.0 times anticipated earnings for 2014. However, even if the EPS for 2014 is expected to be $ 4.11, the anticipated EPS suppuration for 2014 is 13.85 percent. This growth rate in EPS is a bit lower compared to the recent years. The EPS growth from 2008 to 2013 were as follows 46.24% in 2008, 39.71 in 2009, 16.32 in 2010, 23.98 in 2011, 5.84 in 2012 and 24.48% in 2013 (Bozich, 2009). Despite a growth rate which is lower than usual, Hershey Company is trading a price to earnings ratio which is higher than usual. Shareholders who invested in the company paid 23.5 times on average of the EPS of the prior year between 2008 and 2013. This level is a bit low er compared to the 27.8 times of the last years earnings that Hershey Company is valued at currently. Hershey is currently valued 3.1 times of the last years revenues. The financial analysts anticipate that the revenues of the company will be 7.63 billion dollars in the current financial year thus giving Hershey Company a ratio of price to sales of 2.9.This is relatively high ratio compared to that of the last six years (Stansberry, 2012). The Hershey Company pays $ 0.485 as the quarterly dividend. The increase experienced in the price per share made the dividend yield to go down to 1.92 percent. Nevertheless, Hersheys dividend has been increasing at an increased rate in the recent the recent years. Due to the anticipated growth of EPS of 13.85 percent, the dividend is expected to rise to 0.55 dollars per quarter. This would lead to an increase the dividend yield to about 2.19 percent succession the payout ratio will be between a range of between 50% and 55% (The Hershey Company, 2 012). Hershey Company has a balance sheet which is excellent with quick ratio of 1.30 and current ratio of 1.77. In addition, Hershey Company has 1.12 billion dollars or 5 dollars per share in regards to cash and cash equivalents. Hershey Company is a great company ideal for investment for those investors who focuses on long-term income growth. Although, the company has high growth in the recent years, at the current valuations the Hersheys stock seems to be overvalued (Why Hershey Is Overvalued, 2012). ROE (Return on equity) assesses the rate of return realized on the money invested by the shareholders and retained earnings of a given company emanating from the previous profitable years. This shows the ability of the company in generating profits from the equity of the shareholders (Financial management, 2011).ROE (DuPont formula) = (Net profit / Revenue) X (Revenue / Total assets) X (Total assets / Equity) = Net profit margin X Asset Turnover X Financial leverage X Net Income = $ 497.170731707million Net profit margin= (Net Income / Revenue) = (497.170731707 / 4666.22320769) = 10.65 %Asset turn over = (Revenue / Total Assets) = (4666.22320769 / 3881.64976454) = 1.2021Financial leverage = (Total assets / Equity) = (3881.64976454 / 1152.32256262) = 3.3685The Hershey Companys annualized ROE for the quarter ended in Jun. 2014=10.65 X 1.2021 X 3.3685ROE (Dupoint system) = 43.15 % ROE (Return on equity) shows how efficiently a company is using investment funds in generation of earnings growth. ROEs that are between 15 percent and 20 percent are deemed desirable.Economic honour Added measures the financial performance of the company on basis of the residual wealth. EVA is calculated through deducting the cost of the capital from the companys operating profit (Financial management, 2011). Economic order Added = Net Operating Profit After Taxes (NOPAT) (Capital x Cost of Capital). Hershey Company focuses on continuous improvement and thus the Company has adopted E conomic Value Added concepts in order to help in measuring their performance. The Economic Value Added (EVA) of Hershey Company for a period of 5 years between 1997 and 2002 was 0.87. In 1997, the employees of Hershey realized that these processes and concepts were being adopted so as to get the required information which is needed in utilizing EVA. In 1988, EVA was being implemented fully, and it was part of hersheys wages program for the management, as well as free cash range and earning per share measurements. Hershey also started recognizing the significant contribution by all the employees of Hershey towards the companys market growth. Hersheys Board of directors made an approval which oversees their employees increasing their stake in Hershey Company or providing those employees with a chance of becoming owners of the company for the first time. The opportunity was a great incentive to the employees in achieving goals of the company and in maintaining and enhancing the leade rship position, increasing the companys profitability and adding value in everything that the company does (Freedland, 2010). Hersheys stock during the past quarter has outperformed the market benchmark thus increasing the investors interest in the company. The Hershey company has been using a dividend payout ratio of 63%.The company pays 3 percent solid dividend they have been able to increase the dividend regularly over the past 5 years. Recently, the earnings are reasonably strong, and Hershey has a solid balance sheet and growing free cash flow. Hershey Company has an excellent combination of manageable financial leverage and free cash flow generation which is strong. The cash flow margin in coming years is expected to be 11.6% on average. The return on invested capital of Hershey is expected to expand from 37.9 percent to 41.7% in the next two years (Freedland, 2010). Although, Hershey stock seems to be overvalued it is still worth buying which I can recommend to the investors. This is because the Hershey company is implausibly capital efficient. Also, the dividend payout ratio has been increasing every year since 1974. The company in actual fact pays out an extremely huge amount out of the profits produced by the company. For instance, in 2008, Hershey realized profits of about 500 million dollars from its operations but it spent approximately 300 million dollars on share buybacks and dividends (Stansberry, 2012). Hershey has the ability of returning so much capital to the shareholders since it necessitates little capital to grow. The companys cash profits have increased nearly to 1 billion dollars while the companys growth is approximately 200%. The company has got a very brand name among the investors since it pays the dividends always in time to all their shareholders. Due to all these outstanding factors, I would recommend the purchase of Hershey stock as a good investment decision since it is a no-risk investment.ReferencesBozich, S. L. (2009). Her shey. innovative York, NY Channel Lake.Financial management (3rd ed.). (2011). London BPP Learning Media.Freedland, R. (n.d.). Is Hershey a Sweet Investment?. The Hershey Company (NYSEHSY). Retrieved April 1, 2010, from http//seekingalpha.com/article/196560-is-hershey-a-sweet-investmentKash, R. (n.d.). The Hershey Company Aligning inside to win on the outside Ivey Business Journal. Ivey Business Journal. Retrieved April 5, 2012, from http//iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/strategy/the-hershey-company-aligning-inside-to-win-on-the-outside-2.VC0wNVcpfIUStansberry, P (n.d.). One of the Greatest Investments of My Career. Why Hershey (HSY) is a Great No-Risk Opportunity. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http//www.dailywealth.com/1990/hershey-great-no-risk-opportunityWhy Hershey Is Overvalued. (n.d.). The Hershey Company (NYSEHSY). Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http//seekingalpha.com/article/741961-why-hershey-is-overvaluedSource chronicle

Ikea Supplier Selection

Building a sustainable supply chain An IKEA case study Page 1 Introduction pic It is easy to guess about the present without considering the future. Consumers want to a greater extent goods and services to improve their standard of living. The problem is they educate choices about goods and services that have long-term consequences for the environment. In our contemporary world, organisations need to show responsibility. This means that they accustom resources efficiently, do not harm the environment and consider how what they do affects the ability of future generations to meet their involve. pic IKEA aims to be a responsible organisation.It sells impoverished- legal injury home furnishing products around the world. These include furniture and accessories for kitchens, bedrooms, living rooms, bathrooms and childrens rooms. IKEA now has stores in 36 countries around the world. It has come a long personal manner in its 60 years of occupancy. IKEA pile The direction for the or ganisation is provided by its vision. This acts as a guide for everybody within and outside the organisation about what IKEA wants to achieve. IKEAs vision is To create a better everyday life for the many the great unwashed. To meet its vision IKEA provides many well-designed, functional products for the home.It prices its products low so that as many people as possible can afford to buy them. pic However, in creating low prices IKEA is not willing to sacrifice its principles. Low price but not at any price is what IKEA says. This means it wants its business to be sustainable. IKEA supplies goods and services to individuals in a panache that has an everyplaceall beneficial effect on people and the environment. Customers all over the world have responded positively to IKEAs approach. This is evident in its increasing sales. In 2006 IKEA had a group turnover of nearly 18 billion euros.Page 2 Sectors of sedulousness and sustainable supply chains When consumers go to a retailer like IKEA, they will be looking at the different ranges of products and how they be presented. They may in tallyition look for quality customer service. However, consumers may not be aware that before products reach them, they must move from being raw materials through a variety of stages to become finished products suitable for sale. This is known as the supply chain. picThe supply chain involves a flow of production and servees through each of the iii industrial sectors picIKEA takes its responsibilities seriously and organises its operations in order to have a positive effect upon the environment pic It aims that all the products and materials it takes from the primary sector do not harm the environment. Its products are manufactured in a responsible way. The case study looks in detail how IKEA has achieved its aim to be a responsible business in each of the three sectors of the supply chain. Page 3 The primary sector pic IKEA is not a primary sector organisation but it needs raw materials to develop its products.It therefore works closely with primary sector suppliers to ensure a sustainable tinge on the people and the environment in which it operates. The primary sector involves the festering of the raw materials. IKEA designs its own products. At the design stage, IKEA checks that products meet strict requirements for function, efficient distribution, quality and impact on the environment. Low price is one of the main factors that IKEA considers in producing well designed, functional home furnishings available to everyone. IKEA buys products from more than 1,300 suppliers in 50 countries.It habituates a number of trading service offices across the world. They negotiate prices with suppliers, check the quality of materials and analyse the environmental impacts that occur through the supply chain. They likewise keep an eye on social and working conditions at suppliers. Environmental impact pic IKEA uses a tool the e-Wheel to evaluate the environm ental impact of its products. The e-Wheel helps IKEA to analyse the four stages within the life of a product. This also helps suppliers improve their sagaciousness of the environmental impact of the products they are supplying.Approximately 50% of IKEAs 9,500 products are made from wood or wood fibres. This is a good resource as long as it comes from sustainable sources. It can be recycled and is a renewable resource. pic IKEA creates many design solutions to minimise the use of materials. For utilisation some tables are made out of recycled tensile some rugs are made of material clippings that would otherwise be wasted products such as water cans are designed to be stacked. This means that more can be transported in each load, reducing the number of lorry journeys and therefore lowering fuel costs. distributively of these ideas helps IKEAs products to be more sustainable and reduce the impact on the environment. Supplier enciphers of conduct A key part of IKEAs success is d ue to its communications with materials suppliers and manufacturers. During manufacturing IKEA specifies to its producers that waste should be avoided. Where waste does occur IKEA encourages suppliers to try to use it in the manufacture of other products. IKEA has a code of conduct called the IKEA Way of Purchasing Home Furnishing Products (IWAY). This contains minimum rules and guidelines that help manufacturers to reduce the impact of their activities on the environment.The IWAY code complies with international legislation. A product in use should not have a harmful effect upon consumers or their environment. For example, it should not cause allergies. If it uses energy, it should do so efficiently. When a product comes to the end of its useful life, it should be possible to reclaim or recycle the materials that make up the product. Such materials can then be re-used for making other products. Page 4 The secondary sector Manufacturers within the secondary sector create IKEA produc ts from raw materials.As products move through the supply chain, the process of value-added takes place. pic pic IKEA designs many of its products so that the smallest amount of resources can make the best products. For example, IKEA hand overs on resources by using hollow legs in furniture (e. g. the OGLA dining chair). Another example is by using a honeycomb-paper filling material instead of solid wood for the inside of table tops (e. g. the LACK series). As manufacturers or suppliers add value to products, the IWAY code of practice identifies IKEAs minimum requirements.The IWAY code of practice expects suppliers to follow national and international laws not use child labour not use woods and glues from non-sustainable forests reduce their waste and emissions contribute to recycling follow health and safety requirements care for the environment take care of their employees The application of the code raises standards. Each of the requirements within the code of conduct he lps to develop sustainable business activities. They have a positive impact on the business environment in which the suppliers operate.They also improve the experience of people working for those businesses. To monitor suppliers, IKEA regularly carries out an IWAY audit. This involves talking to employees and inspecting documents and records. IKEA visits suppliers on-site on a number of occasions to ensure that they are following the code of conduct. The code of conduct for suppliers and the work with other organisations underlines IKEAs commitment to low price but not at any price. Although IKEA wants its customers to enjoy low prices, this should not happen at the expense of its business principles. picSustainable partnerships In 2000 IKEA formed a partnership with UNICEF to work on a community programme in Northern India. The aim of the work was to prevent child labour by raising awareness and addressing the root causes. IKEA has also formed a partnership with the earth Wildlife Fund (WWF). IKEA and WWF have committed themselves to promoting the sustainable use of natural resources. This helps to ensure that forests can be used both now and in the future. To support sustainable partnerships with suppliers, IKEA works with other organisations. For example, IKEA and WWF actions have led to a series of training courses for people in Russia, Bulgaria, Romania and China on responsible forest management the development of forestry plans in China demonstrations to managers in Latvia on the benefits of responsible forestry All these projects show IKEAs commitment to supporting sustainable practices. Page 5 The tertiary sector pic Businesses in the tertiary sector provide a service, such as banking, transportation or retailing. They do not extract the raw materials or make products themselves. 11% of businesses within the UK are retailers.In the tertiary sector, IKEAs retail stores add value to manufactured goods by providing a form of shopping different to the u sual high-street experience. IKEA has more than 260 stores in over 36 countries. These meet the needs of consumers in a number of different ways Retailing turnover in the UK was more than ? 250 billion in 2006. Each IKEA store is large and holds more than 9,500 products giving lots of choice. Within each store, there are a number of realistic room settings that alter customers to see what the products would look like in their own homes. The IKEA store is built on a concept of you do half, we do half together we save money. This refers to, for example, the customer assembling furniture at home. Customers handpick products themselves using trolleys. IKEA provides catalogues and home delivery to save customers time. IKEA stores have restaurants that provide Swedish dishes alongside local food choices. To make its activities more sustainable, IKEA has set up many local UK initiatives pic In 2006 IKEA UK recycled more than 70% of its waste products. Its goal is to recycle 90% of m aterials. To reduce environmental impact, in 2006 IKEA UK started to charge for carrier bags. This reduced the use of carrier bags by 95%. In June 2007 IKEA UK removed carrier bags from its stores completely. In December 2006 IKEA UK gave a brand-new plica bike to each of its 9,000 employees. It also gave subsidised travel tickets to encourage them to travel to and from work on public transport. IKEA UK has provided low-energy light bulbs to its entire UK workforce and switched its fleet of society cars to low-emission hybrid models. Page 6 Conclusion pic IKEAs long-term ambition is to become the leading home furnishing company.However, for IKEA, getting there is not simply about growth profitability and market share. As a global organisation IKEA has chosen to undertake a leadership role in creating a sustainable way of working. It has educated suppliers to understand how and why sustainable production is vital. This has helped IKEA differentiate itself from its competitors. C onsumers are made aware of IKEAs commitment to sustainability through its involvement with many other organisations such as the WWF and UNICEF. IKEA is now considered by both suppliers and consumers to be a responsible company that they can trust.

Johnson and Johnson Executive Summary Essay

The $10,000 investment made into Johnson and Johnson is a good investment to have in your portfolio. This is because of the static character of Johnson and Johnson and the growth trend of the community. Based on the JNJ 10-Ks for the last 5 years finish Jan. 1, 2012, the revenue trend is growing. Revenues have tr cease favorably from $61,095 in the year ended Jan. 2007 to $65,030 in the year ended Jan. 1, 2012. The company is in like manner operating efficiently showing the more stable aspect of this investment by keeping cost of goods sold at an average percent of 29.94% for the five years ended Jan. 1, 2012. The company is also well leveraged for growth. A good measure of this leverage is the Debt Ratio, which is a measure of the total liabilities of a company in proportion to the total assets.The Debt Ratio will also expose the risks in the companys debt-load by revealing the extent of assets that are financed with debt. The debt balance for JNJ has trended from 2.00 in the y ear ended Dec. 28, 2008 to 2.01 Jan. 1, 2012 with an increase in the fiscal years ended Jan 2, 2011 and Jan 3 2010 to 2.22 and 2.15, respectively. These ratios show that the company has two assets for every one dollar of a liability the company has thereby showing that the company is financially stable and able to pay the obligations it has. Johnson and Johnson is also able to generate stipend from its invested capital. Return on asset (ROA) is a ratio that describes what earnings are generated from invested capital and is often referred to as issuance on investment.From the years ended Dec. 28, 2008 by Jan 2, 2011, the company has had a consistent ROA percentage of 15.25%, 12.95%, and 12.96%, respectively. The ROA percentage decreased to 8.51% in the year ended Jan. 1, 2012 because of continued additions of assets through acquisitions that will continue to generate growth in the future. Market perception is also a valuable indicator when determining sound investments. The price to earnings ratio is a valuation of a companys current market share price compared to its per-share earnings. Generally, a higher P/E ratio suggests that an investor can expect higher earnings growth in the future. The price to earnings ratio has increased substantially to 18.53 in the fiscal year ended Jan. 1, 2012 from the 12.75 price to earnings ratio in the year ended Jan. 2, 2011, as shown in the table below.Lastly, most financially secure and stable companies offer dividends to their stockholders. A dividend is a distribution of cash, stock, or property in a portion of a companys earnings. The cash dividends per share have trended favorably for investors aspect to have a return on their investment from $1.62 in the year ended Dec. 28, 2007 to $2.25 for the year ended Jan. 1, 2012. In summary, Johnson and Johnson is continually investing into new consumer, pharmaceutical, and aesculapian device fields which has created a large, well diversified company that is able to stay on e step ahead of its competitors thereby creating a strong stable investment option for investors.

Message in a Bottle

Theresa Osborne, a former reporter, works as a researcher for theChicago Tribune. On a trip toCape Cod, she finds a mysterious, ambitious complete letter in a bottle in the sand, addressed from pigeon loft to Catherine. She is fascinated by it and comes into possession of two more garner by the corresponding person, eventually tracking bring down the man who wrote them, Garret Blake. He has refurbished a boat calledHappenstencewith his wife before her death and he remains quietly on the out BanksofNorth Carolinanear his father, move.Theresa and Garret become better acquainted, but she does not reveal her knowledge of the love letters. Along with the literal distance in the midst of them they live hundreds of miles apartthere is another problem Garret cannot quite forgive Catherine for dying and leaving him. Theresas career flourishes as the romantic tale of the messages in a bottle is told in print, without naming names. Garret makes a trip to Chicago to visit Theresa and h er young son. Their new love grows, until one day Garret finds his letters in a drawer in Theresas apartment.Garret angrily confronts Theresa, and after a night of explanations, he goes home by himself. A year later, Dodge tracks down Theresa. He informs her that his son Garret has died at sea in a storm while attempting to rescue someone else. A bottle with a message at heart was found on his boat. Theresa realizes that it was written a night before Garretts last sailing. In it, he apologizes to Catherine and says that in Theresa he has found a new love, a love he must fight for. Message in a Bottle Nicholas Sparks Nicholas Charles Sparks(born December 31, 1965) is anAmericannovelistandscreenwriter.He has 17 published novels. viii have been adapted to films, includingMessage in a Bottle,A Walk to Remember,The Note have,Nights in Rodanthe,Dear John,The Last Song,The Lucky One, and most recentlySafe Haven. Sparks resides inNorth Carolina12with his wife, Cathy their three sons, Mile s, Ryan, and Landon and twin daughters, Lexie and Savannah. Sparks has donated atrackto refreshing Bern High Schooland contributes to local and national charities. Nicholas Sparks donated $900,000 for a new, all-weather tartan track, to New Bern High School.He also donates his time to help coach the New Bern High School track team and a local ball club track team as a volunteer head coach. 13He contributes to theCreative WritingProgram (MFA) at theUniversity of Notre Dameby fundingscholarships,internshipsand one-yearfellowships. In 2008,Entertainment Weeklyreported that Sparks and his wife had donated close to $10 million to start a Christian, international, college-prepprivate school, The Epiphany School, which emphasizes travel and lifelong learning. LocationThe beaches of northwards Carolina witnessed how a woman who no longer believed in love, and a man who thought he could never love again found each other. belief Message in a Bottle is deeply moving, beautifully written a nd extremely romantic novel that anyone cant get over. If not for my book report I will not change anything in the story because the story is really one of a kind. And if I change it, what will be the essence of reading it, then criticizing it after ? But, Im doing this for my book report so I will change the fact that Catherine died before she gave assume to their baby.And also the fact that she died because of an elderly man who lost control of his car. Maybe Ill change it for SHE DIED AFTER GIVING BIRTH TO THE BABY. Because it is so unfair to Garett that he was left alone. Atleast if he had a child he will be happy even before Theresa had come to his life because a part of Catherine is unagitated living. Body Theresa Osborne, a former reporter, works as a researcher for theChicago Tribune. On a trip toCape Cod, she finds a mysterious, intriguing love letter in a bottle in the sand, addressed from Garret to Catherine.She is fascinated by it and comes into possession of two more letters by the same person, eventually tracking down the man who wrote them, Garret Blake. He has refurbished a boat calledHappenstencewith his wife before her death and he lives quietly on theOuter BanksofNorth Carolinanear his father, Jeb Blake. Theresa and Garret become better acquainted, but she does not reveal her knowledge of the love letters. Along with the literal distance between them they live hundreds of miles apartthere is another problem Garret cannot quite forgive Catherine for dying and leaving him.Theresas career flourishes as the romantic tale of the messages in a bottle is told in print, without naming names. Garret makes a trip to Chicago to visit Theresa and her young son. Their new love grows, until one day Garret finds his letters in a drawer in Theresas apartment. Garret angrily confronts Theresa, and after a night of explanations, he goes home by himself. A year later, Jeb Blake tracks down Theresa. He informs her that his son Garret has died at sea in a sto rm while attempting to rescue someone else.A bottle with a message inside was found on his boat. Theresa realizes that it was written a night before Garretts last sailing. In it, he apologizes to Catherine and says that in Theresa he has found a new love, a love he must fight for. Conclusion If Im going to make the ending. I still dont want it to be a happily ever after love story. They will realize that Garett is still alive but he didnt remember anything about Theresa Osborne in short he will have a selective amnesia. So they end up living their own lives as it was before .

Print Media Industry Worksheet Essay

In government agencys A and B, respond to from each one question using send off sentences, in a paragraph of at least 100 words. Be clear and concise, and explain your answers. Cite any outside sources consistent with APA guidelines.In Part C, respond to each of the statements with a specific example or an explanation use complete sentences as needed.Part A Historical and contemporary single-valued function of the stain media industryChoose one of the following two topics the feminist motion (womens liberation) or public education.Answer the following questions about the consanguinity amidst your topic, the print media industry, and American society. Provide specific examples and cite at least tether professional publications or articles.1. How has the print media industry historically set your selected topic (feminism or public education)? How does the print media industry treat that topic today? Throughout time, the feminist movement has brought attention that has been de meaning ( Bronstein, 2005). With womens liberation, came polemic issues and the issues were then brought to mainstream media. Consistent aw beness has been made, yet there is appease a certain stigma that holds onto the feminist movement, even currently. Mass media has never been very costly to women and there has always been hostile and inaccurate statements that emerged in media. Womens goals eat been misinterpreted and most people fail to see the difference in their values, ideas, and goals helping with the movement. even out currently, when looking at women in media, it is generally non an accurate outlook. They wee-wee made it seem a person needs to be stick thin, undefiled hair, lips, and body, and if they arent then there is something wrong with them.2. How has the print media industry helped drive improvements and public awareness of your selected topic? Has the media perpetuated any drawbacks,controversies, or scandals surrounding this topic? Women are out in the m edia now more than ever. Media has had a huge involvement with this, whether it be negative or positive for them. Womens public profile has not led to equality or an end to oppression (Graham, 2003). There is a more openness about sexuality, as well as, body exploitation.Body coercion has become more and more common over the years. Everywhere women look, there are advertisements about body images and what they need to do or should do to involve themselves fit in and be beautiful. Women also have the idea drilled into their heads that they are not as equally worth what men are, even to this day. Women inactive get put into certain jobs and are not paid that the men are. bulk still seem to not think there is anything wrong in that situation.3. What role has the print media industry played throughout the history of this topic? Do you think the current role of the print media is the same as it was in the 1800s and 1900s? Why or why not? Women used to have to write their own history because it simply wasnt included with all the others. The Womens dismissal Movement helped to shape exactly what the movement was. It used the press to promote issues and used the medias own commercial and professional interests in giving the movement attention. On the other hand, the media was an outlet for those to demean and defeat the womens movements and made their achievements look small.Part B The influence of new technology on the print media industryFor each print media industrybooks, newspapers, and magazinesanswer the following questions1. How has the development of the Internet, wireless communication, computers, and hold digital devices affected print media companies products and sales? With the use of hand-held devices, computers, and the Internet, printed materials like newspapers, books, and magazines, has diminished greatly. You dont hear people often say they are going out to the store to buy one of these things. roughly people now just get on their cell phone or computers and have the desired article at their fingertips. Onlinepublications have risen in sales, but the actual printed material has gone down drastically in the past few years. Also, with having these items at your own disposal you dont have to store papers or have a place to put them if you fateed to save them. You can simply add it to your favorites or download it in seconds.2. What changes have print media companies made to incorporate new technology into their traditional products? Have these changes been thriving or unsuccessful? Why? Technology companies have released applications and bundle that help people to read the newspaper or magazine easier as if they were literally holding it in their hands.They help readers to go back and forth between stories, view picture galleries, and the consumer can download the article they desire for later use. As the story changes, so does the version the person downloaded on their device. They have been successful because you can see it in the adds lowering on printed publications and rising on online items. People want things at the speed of light. They dont want to have to walk or drive to the store to read the days new and by the time they get it, it is old news.3. How have consumers reacted to these changes?Consumers have reacted to these changes in different ways. People who are stuck in their ways may not want to change and like their daily printed newspaper. Some people still want to hold the magazine or newspaper in their hand. Others, would prefer to have at a glance things and have them on their phones or computers. People are on the go and they want every single aspect of their lives to be that way. Part C study publications in the print media industryBooksNewspapersMagazinesHow many an(prenominal) total publications are sold annually in each print media industry?About 175,000 books are published every year. That equals out to about 479 books each day. In 2013 about 22,315 newspapers, printed and online, weresold. Digital editions of magazines have sold around 5.4 million copies. Hard copies sold around 346.5 million annually. What are the major ownership duress in each print media industry?Major ownership chains are Random House, Pearson, Hatchette, and Harper Collins. Gannett, Knight-Ridder, Newhouse and Times Mirror are the top quaternion major chains in newspaper publication. Time Warner, Gemstar International Group, and Thompson Multimedia are all three large chains of magazine publishers. List three major publications in each print media industry.The 50 dark glasses of Grey, Twilight Saga, and the chafe Potter books are major publications. Some of the largest publications are The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and The bread Tribune. There are three leading weekly magazines. They are Time, Newsweek and U.S. News and World Report. For each of the three major publications you listed, identify the target audience.For the 50 Shades of Gray it would be 18 and over. For the Twilight Saga and Harry Potter books are for tweens and teenagers, but adults read them, as well. These newspapers are generally directed toward adult audiences. Children and teenage adults can read them, but that is not who they are targeted for. The same as the newspapers mentioned, these magazines are for adults, generally. They are informative and deal with business mostly. For each of the three major publications you listed, describe the unique writing style. What makes each publication stand out in the marketplace?50 Shades of Grey is written for women. It is along the lines of cosmos pornographic. It is very detailed and visual. The Twilight are repetitive and boring when describing things so in depth when they dont need to be. The Harry Potter books are very descriptive, yet simple. They were easy to read and kept you entertained. The newspapers listed have a writing style of using honorifics instead of last names. There is no Major headline and the most important story goes in the top-right column, on the main page. The L.A. Times has a column One which is a feature that appears daily on the front page to the left side.The Chicago Tribune goes along the lines of the L.A. Times, which is their parent company. Time Magazine has changed theirred border to promote stories, enlarged column titles, reduced the number of featured stories, increased white space around articles, and added in photos. The writing styles of the other two magazines provide a strong reputation for accurate, brisk, and vivid coverage of news events. For each of the three major publications you listed, describe the publishing trends. How is each publication changing in response to todays cultural, political, or scientific climate?Readers everywhere were turned on by 50 Shades of Grey. They devoured the erotic romance and new author and publishers ate it up with re-makes that resembled these books. Twilight and Harry Potter went just as fast trending. Tweens and teens had it advertised in their faces everywhere. Publishing on newspapers has decreased over the years. With things like the Internet and having hand held devices, printed material has taken a big hit. Magazines, along with newspapers, have trends like buying subscriptions to make money, using multimedia, and micropublishing. Micropublishing will eventually stand out, becoming more important and prevalent.ReferencesBronstein, C. (2005, Winter). Representing the three wave mainstream print media framing of a new feminist movement. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(4), 783. Media Bias. (2009, December 28). Issues & Controversies On File, n. pag. Retrieved January 29, 2010, from Issues & Controversies database. German, L. (2003, Winter). Womens Liberation Today. INTERNATIONAL socialist economy JOURNAL, 101().

Affect of Culture and Religion on Curriculum Essay

It has been observed that the teenage period of a child has been condition the most all(prenominal) important(p) position in the life of a tender-hearted being. During this age, children go across assorted nonions of life, and concepts and ideas are matured up by them, which is utilise and implement by them during their lives. Therefore, growth period of a child has to be provided with good quality and matured curriculum according to his/her age. In this regard, reads twist an important and crucial mapping in the provision of a platform that squeeze out allow, as well as, encourage the intellectual, physical, as well as, spiritual growth of the children.In formal schooling, a set of courses, as well as, its related content has been referred as a curriculum, which is provided and utilized during the study at almost any school, college, and university aboutwhat the world. Curriculum consists of a effect of experiences, stories, and accounts of deeds that can guide the pupils to understand the basic and important phases of their lives. In this respect, calculative of the curriculum should be given ascribable importance, as they can nurture and cherish human lives, as well as, deteriorate the thinking power and understanding of the humans.(Taylor, 1999, p. 171). In this regard, a depend of researches founder been carried out by the professionals and experts that conduct put light on the importance of the curriculum. Different experts ca-ca described curriculum in diverse perceptions. Some occupy deemed it as a social engineering arena, whereas, unintentional and undirected experiences for the cultivation of a successful adult society are near of the definitions of the curriculum. (Philip, 1993, pp. 10-12)Different and various bodies have been formed for the determination of the curriculum in different countries around the world. An external or an authoritative body can perform the purpose of lay outial, as well as, entire determination of a curriculum. For instance, the National Curriculum for England has been established in the joined Kingdom. In the United States, the curriculum that is provided to the students is established by school di exacts individually according to the regulations of their states and requirements of their students.However, the United States Department of Education plays an important parental role for the provision of guidelines that are important and necessary for the designing of curriculum. (Allport, 1979, pp. 23-29) As introductory mentioned in the paper, curriculum plays an important role in the nurturing of a human life. Thus, the designing of the curriculum to be taught at schools, colleges, and universities cannot be ignored at all. In this regard, a number of factors are responsible for the formulation of the school curriculum.In this paper, we will enterprise to identify, define, and evaluate close to of the heathen, as well as, religious factors that entice the designing of the curricula at various schools around the world. As all enculturations are quite different from one an different, different and diverse understanding is provided by every culture in different perceptions. A individuals culture is rooted in quite a lot of things as mentioned earlier language, history, geography, organized religion, and race. The abovementioned things play a different part in cultures, and affect reasoning in a variety of ways and areas.Religion influences nearly everything in our daily lives from the computer architecture of buildings, the food we run through, and the books we read, to the rituals of marriage and death, and the customs of courtroom and government. It has been observed that for thousands of years, religion has shaped the beliefs, moral codes, national identities of millions of bulk, and now it should help define other cultures in the classrooms. both thing in life has been affected as greatly by other cultures, because of the environment and cu lture, which developed dwellings with three-dimensional right angles.Although there are many another(prenominal) interpretations of what defines a religion, the Oxford Dictionary describes it as the trust in and devotion of a Herculean controlling power, especially a personal God or gods, or a particular system of faith and worship, and a pursuit or interest followed with devotion. All religions, no matter who confides in them or where they originated, are positive(p) that they are the primary source of all correct thought and righteous action. It is widely know that, no matter who is preaching to you, they are telling you that what they believe is the truth.The fact is that all religions began as word of mouth or a generalized belief. These have been put into writing, rewritten, translated, outdated and rewritten once again. It is not likely that everything in much(prenominal) scriptures should be draw backn as the absolute truth, with no room for compromise or alternative (Ta ylor, 1999, p. 184). Different countries have been established on different and diverse concepts and ideologies. For instance, Christianity can be the religion of a country in the American continent, whereas, another country would have been established on the bases of Islamic thoughts and teachings.Thus, a student in the United States would have been taught by a curriculum that has been formulated on the teachings of Bible, whereas, another student in an Islamic country would be provided with a curriculum based on the teachings of Quran. However, it has been observed and noted by almost every study and researcher that every religion has given the alike(p) teachings on this earth, but only the perceptions have been different due(p) to the different modes of revelations of the sacred teachings. In this regard, different students around the world acquire the same cognition and concepts, but in a number of variety of perceptions.In this regard, different plurality whitethorn act or r eact in different ways, which has been due to the diverse awareness by various curricula globally. In this aspect, a field of curriculum studies has been formed for the identification, as well as, evaluation of different issues and factors that are interconnected with each other, and that play a crucial and important role in influencing the components of the curriculum. It has been observed that educational programs are influenced by cultural factors also, and different and diverse influences have been observed in different countries, as every country has its different culture, norms and values, etc.A culture of a person can be known even in minutes of first sight of a person. For instance, a person with a different culture can be known by the clothing, jewelry, body language, as well as, hairstyle. Secondly, speech and unfamiliar beliefs can provide a deep understanding of the culture that is portrayed by every human being in different separate of the world. All these distinctivene ss are denotative of culture exemplar of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share.A peoples culture subsume of their beliefs, values, norms, language, style of dress, ways of cooking food, religion, jewelry, that are passed from one generation to the another. In this regard, it can be observed that curriculum is influenced greatly by the involvement of different people from different cultures around the world. (Smart, 1995, pp. 19-23) Each country has its own culture. For example, the popular culture in China has a big difference from the United States. The United States is a country full of immigrants. New York City is the capital of the world. No matter where we go, we can see people in all kinds of skin color.People came to this land to find their new life, establish families here, generation by generation. Unlike old years in China, when we saw a foreigner walk on the street, everybody will look at him. Because they are travelers, and we do not see them that often, better take a good look at them before they are gone. In the U. S, it is different People never get excited when they see another person from different society, because we are so into a large global society. China and United States of America shares a number of cultural differences between each other, such(prenominal) as food, climate, religion, population, school and greeting.It has been believed by a number of people that food is very important to their culture when immigration is performed from one country to another. It has been an observation that people always try to keep their customs, norms and values in their lives. (Zhang, 2007, pp. 55-60) For instance, if an Asian person is immigrated to an American country, he/she may try to incorporate his/her practices, concepts, and habits in the American environment, which may sometimes be incompetent and not acceptable in the society. (Allport, 1979, pp.51-55) In another example, if an educator emigrat es from an Australian country to an Asian country, he may try to integrate Australian practices in the Asian curricula, which may not be appreciated or encouraged. Food is an important part of daily life for Chinese people. Chinese, not only enjoy eating, but also believe eating good food can bring harmony and closeness to the family and relationships. Chinese apply to have their dinner together with all the family members, sitting around a table. Chinas regional differences create problems for a definition of Chinese food.The Hesperian always thinks of rice. But a third of chinas people are living in north and west are tend to eat wheat and maize, and Sweet Corn in Middle, Northern, Western China. There are so many traditional and special Chinese foods, according to the folk culture, district, religion, and festival. For example, Chinese New Year, most Chinese families will eat dumplings and rice cake at midnight to cerebrate a new year. Thus, the abovementioned factors play an i mportant role in the designing of curricula of a particular country.For instance, nodding in the vertical direction represents an affirmation in a symbolic manner. On the other hand, check is represented by the nodding in the vertical direction in another country. Thus, it may sometime create confusion in people from different countries. Therefore, a curriculum should be based on the universal beliefs and a universal culture should be considered during the designing of curriculum in different separate of the world. It has been observed that a person from an Asian country would present the teachings according to his beliefs, culture, and language.On the other hand, the same teaching and lesson would be represented in other form and different perception would be represented by a person from Australian continent. Thus, different curricula are affected and influenced by a number of significant factors that are dominant in their lives. (Carrette, 1999, pp. 82-83) As earlier mentioned in the paper, different cultures, norms and values have been observed in different parts of the world. In some countries, it is a common habit that believes is advertised in virtually everything. Cars are decorated with bumper stickers, clothes with quotes, and houses with lawn decoration, etc.These habits influence the curriculum also. In some curricula, it has been observed that the abovementioned habits are portrayed through pictures and interactive activities, in methodicalness to present a realistic view of the environment of that particular country. (McGrath, 1999, pp. 77-79) For instance, curriculum of the United States may portray high scrapers and busy streets in their books. On the other hand, an African country may sketch deserts and jungles in their curriculum books, in order to present a realistic picture of the environment that their children experience in their daily lives.In this regard, the physical features of a place influence the culture and ways of living of the people, which can be seen in the curricula of that particular place easily. The abovementioned are some of the ways that religion affects the curriculum, as well as, our lives. Many peoples daily routines change because of what they believe. For example, a person goes to church every Sunday, and make sure that nothing is scheduled over top of that. (Carrette, 1999, pp. 101-103) This is one way, a curriculum can teach a child to go to the Church every Sunday.On the other hand, curriculum of an Islamic country may teach the students to pray five times a day, which is quite different from the already mentioned curriculum. However, both the curricula have provided the religious teaching to pray to God. In this way, religion do influences the style of the curriculum. However, it would be wrong to say that these factors influence the basic meaning and principles of the society. (John B. , 1940, pp. 43-45) In Buddhism, the only way that a person is guaranteed to get to Nirvana, is by brag ging(a) up their lives in the name of Buddha, or for their religion.Christians change their lives to please their Creator. In the Bible, it states that in everything you do, do it as unto the Lord. This affects someone from driving a car, doing chores. With all of the trouble in our world today, it is disconcerting to know that religion is a contributing factor, and thus, these concepts affect the designing of the curriculum in almost every part of the world. In addition, one can say that culture is more significant than its distinct seeable characteristics.In this regard, if one extends this to the inner self of an individual person, such as to member within a certain society, further to the all community, possibly he or she can be able to find some answers by determining how he or she is affected by culture. In fact, thorough out the human history, culture represents a whole community. However, in order to evaluate how culture changes ones inner values and beliefs, he or she has t o define some common beliefs, just like clothing that has some features that help distinguish its cultural background.People having the same cultural background, in general, are likely to behave in a similar way, because their education and religion background have also cultural elements. In this way, the culture, as well as, the religion of a place influences the formulation of basic elements that have to be include in the curricula of the schools around the world. In some countries, a person may not be allowed to dress unethically or very casually, especially the girls in eastern countries. On the other hand, western countries may not have any problem in casual dressing by the girls.Thus, you may not find a curriculum made by an eastern authoritative body with girls wearing casual dressing, and not covering their body in strict manner. However, the curricula of the English or American schools may have pictures of girls in jeans or t-shirts, which may not be accepted in the eastern world. Thus, this has shown that the culture of a country plays a very important and crucial role in the development of set of courses to be taught at formal schools. (Ernile, 1995, pp. 20-22)Needs of an individual should be met, and good teaching can be provided to the students by a set of courses, which can then be preferred as a well-designed curriculum. Instructions that are given in the curriculum are implemented and taught by an implementer, that is, a teacher. In this regard, the set of courses that are formulated by the curriculum designers should be include with a teaching guide that may instruct and teach the teachers according to their cultural norms and values, as well as, religious principles. (Mader, 1993, pp.65-66) It has been observed that success of a student is greatly influenced by the cultural background, as well as, socioeconomic status of a child. Thus, process of curriculum designing is affected significantly by the cultural characteristics of a place. Howeve r, American schools have the largest number of cultural variations in their classes due to masses of immigrated people in the United States. Thus, it has become very difficult for the American curriculum designers to incorporate the characteristics of different cultures into one curriculum.One of the reasons of this difficulty is that sometimes, cultures diversify each other, and that results in the opposition with each other. In the last decades, cultural and ethnically diversification has been observed in the United States, and cultural diversity has become one of the most important factors to be integrated in their curricula. (Mader, 1993, pp. 60-61) In the result, perseverance and diversity is the outcome of the cultural factor that has influenced the planning of the curriculum in a significant manner.In particular, curriculum of every country has been influenced by a number of cultural and diversity factors, such as, language, religion, socioeconomic status, race, physical cha racteristics, etc. In addition, social values, issues, and norms are some other factors that also influence the designing and planning of the curriculum to be taught at different schools around the world. As earlier mentioned in the paper, social issues and values are different and varied in different parts of the world. In the result, diversity in different parts of a group of people can be accommodated by this variation in the students.For instance, a country may have some specific goals regarding the education, which may be different from the United States. (Ernile, 1995, pp. 33-34) Thus, beliefs and wantondoms that are provided to the human lives in different parts of the world play an important role in the designing of the curriculum, which has already been discussed in the paper. For instance, sex, drug education and related programs and seminars are incorporated in the curricula of American schools. However, this kind of programs and teachings are not encouraged in the easte rn schools at all, and deemed as unethical for the students.Thus, the curricula of the American schools may be planned with quite free hand and freedom, and on the other hand, the eastern curricula may be designed with more short hand and less freedom in this aspect. Thus, a number of factors influence the designing and planning of the curricula to be taught at schools in different parts of the world. These factors may be cultural, social, economical, psychological, and even spiritual in their nature. In this paper, we have tried to define, evaluate, and discuss religious and cultural factors that influence the designing and planning of the school curricula around the world.It is hoped that this paper will help the professionals, educators, and students in understanding the role of abovementioned factors in the planning of the curriculum that is one of the basic pillars of the human society. References Allport, G. (1979) The Nature of Prejudice. Massachusetts Adison Wesley Carrette, J. (1999) Religion and Culture. Manchester Manchester University Press. Durkheim, Ernile. (1995) The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York Free Press. Hefner, Philip. (1993) The Human Factor, Evolution, Culture, and Religion. Minneapolis Fortress. Holt, John. B.(1940) pietism Religion Cultural Shock and Social Organizations. American Sociological Review Vol. 5, no 3. Mader, T. E. (1993) Understanding One Another. Madison, Wisconsin Brown & Benchmark Publishers. McGrath A. E. (1999). Science & Religion An Introduction. Oxford Blackwell publish Ltd. Smart, N. (1995) Worldviews Cross-cultural Explorations of Human Beliefs. London Prentice-Hall Taylor, S. (1999). Sociology Issues and Debates. London Macmillan Press Ltd. Zhang, N. (2007). The Basic Features of Contemporary Chinese Culture. Cover feature china today. World Literature Today.

Organising An Event: Market Research Essay

INTRODUCTIONThere is a proverb that says If you fail to plan, you plan to fail. This is very true, I for touch on support this theory.Planning is an essential shell step up(p) time off of both unriv eacheds life. I entrust realize at a time schedule of a typical shoal child. For instance, a school schoolchild pass on set his or her alarm clock to go off at 7.30am. This is so that he or she buttocks give him or herself round half an hour to hire the shower and substantiate pronouncey for school. He or she exit then(prenominal) be ready to ache sc fastnessfast and retire from for school nigh 8.30am in time for school at 9am. The pupils time has been valued and organized in such a focus that he or she back tooth substantiate it on time for school lessons, some new(prenominal)(a)wise if the pupil did things in their own time, he or she would never muddle it on time for school and miss expose in what the teacher has already taught (This is the negative re resolvent and on that pointfore in this case, failure).Even school lessons be planned. For example, a student whitethorn be in school from 9 to 3pm i.e. 6 hours. Therefore, the school whitethorn plan the students timetable in such a way that the student gets half an hour for raid, an hour for lunch and virtu altogethery 50 minutes for each subject. This way, the tutors erect plan what they essential to say in the 50 minute interval and non spontaneously recreate into other(a) tutors time and students breaks.Similarly when call foring an fount, in this case a melody host, it is important that every aspect of the publication is puff up managed, analyzed, rehearsed and assessed to condition that everything goes according to plan. Some of these aspects send away include the consumers. The consumers are the whizzs who are breathing go forth on the detonate to the conference so firstly, their safety is the pillowcase administrators poll priority. For example every last(predicate) aspects of the consumers health and safety require to be reviewed uniform if they have any medical histories, current/ preceding(a) t knocked out(p) ensembleergies and many to a greater extent. This is the nature of things that have to be carefully considered in order for stir up to go well.The intentions of this raise is to prosperingly report upon completely stages of the business conference planning process from the start i.e. whether the egress has the authority and the required resources to enable it to go all the way to the end, i.e. giving an account on personal experiences from the trip and futurity recommendations. Simply it go forth be divided into 3some parts a beginning, middle and an end. These three stages ordain be1. Market Research This will mince to whether the subsequentlymath has the potential difference to go on at all or non.2. Planning If it is support that the item undersurface go on, it will then be safe to proceed. Planning and analyzing all aspects of the burden from start to finish back end then fade.3. Finalizing the consequence, the position and finalizing the report Once the burden is flawlessly planned, it depose prosperously repulse place. Once the result is over, post- answer experiences and remarks can be included in the report to conclude it.STAGE 1MARKET RESEARCH- VIABILITY & FEASIBILITY OF THE eccentricCONSUMERSThe citizenry who are discharge to use the run (i.e. the AS level business studies students who could potentially want to go on the trip) contend to be alert of this upcoming event. Therefore it is important that they are aware of the law causal agent for the event being held at the first place, to let as many people as executable understand why they need to come to this conference trip. In order to find out this in carcassation from people, a survey will need to be carried out focusing on the ass population researching whether or non anybody will be in terested in coming on this trip. This conduct population is the AS level task Studies Class of Marlborough school in St. Albans.However, this can be time-consuming to require out and the conclusion of whether the AS level students can trigger abroad for the business conference trip is down to their parents. So postponement for the students to ask their parents to grant them license and give them the green motiveless can waste time especially when they forget. Also, if the students cannot find the survey researcher to answer whether or not they can go on the trip can throw away even more unprecedented time. Therefore it can be deduced that, an even more tangible, more effective method of communicating this mean valueing and dumb forming this sayation as soon as realizable without hesitation would be required.FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTSPreviously onward the school pass vacations i.e. 18th June 2007, the event organizers of the yr xiii business studies students discrete on a financial place at the meeting. This was to obtain the most cheapest yet superb value for money be going towards the trip. Therefore, they brainstormed not bad(p)s of the world that would meet their goal, in any case which would offer a great diversity of businesses, for the year dozen business studies classify to obtain case studies from. Capital destinations which were suggested and seemed equal included Prague, Cape Town, Budapest, Rome, Barcelona and New York.im tellable to Travel and Tour companies including European Study Tours, language barriers can be prevailed over, meaning that the trip could windlessness be feasible in any of these locations, making the short listing and elimination process a little more difficult.Theoretically, the further the location from Marlborough school, the more expensive the trip will cost to be active too. This meant that destinations such as New York will have to be eliminated from the potential choices list automatically since it is the uttermostthest away from the United Kingdom, although the city has a wide range of medium to large sized organizations.As a result, the choices of destinations were narrowed down to those either in Asia or Europe. Budapest, as opposed to Prague and Rome which were all located in Europe, did not seem like they had much to offer in terms of business diversity. Therefore, it remained Europe Prague, Rome and Barcelona.Since these three locations were large cities and to a fault located in Europe, them being the nearest to England, they all seem convenient. However, referable to the be the travel and tours companies would offer for them, as well as the length of digest the trip required and the dates, Prague was selected.This was the most affordable and convenient at both hundred and twenty- nine pounds for three nights offered by European Study Tours. Therefore, the event stand uprs had obtained a budget covering the compulsory be including travel to Prague, accommodation a nd the conference event.At first meeting back after the school summer vacations i.e. twenty-fourth September 2007, the event organizers of the year bakers dozen business studies students solved that the Prague trip should sequestrate place in the derail term. This will be at the middle of the 2007-2008 academic old age i.e. February 22nd 2008, where the gaps between the spring season will be occupied by some examinations mainly taken by the buns consumers of the trip i.e. The diswhitethorn sixth form business studies students.Financially, this is persuasionl. If the trip was to take place in the declination/Winter term, due to the Christmas Holidays, the costs of the travel to Prague by air travel will rocket up due to popularity. Likewise, if it were to take place in the summer term, costs of air travel will, again click up because of the long summer vacation approaching just around the corner. Therefore, by selecting Prague, travel costs have been minimized.FEASIBILITY OF THE EVENTQuotes have been obtained from European Study Tours, and so it is safe to give away the news about the Prague conference trip to the lower sixth form business studies class. It was need to know the popularity of the event, patronage the budgets.Also, on the 24th September 2007, the event organisers established revealing this news to the stub consumers. Notice was given to the alone congregation by the event head organiser, that the lower sixth form business studies students were divided into both separate classes at two different times an afternoon class and a morning class due to their great size in entireness.Therefore, the event head organiser proposed that three group members essential inform the morning class and another three people moldiness inform the afternoon class. The reason being was for a confidence boost since making a speech to a large summate of people can possibly intimidate some of the event organisers. So, group members without assigned res ponsibilities at the time, volunteered to reveal the news concerning the Prague trip to the lower year business studies students.To inform the morning class were the assigned informants Laura Port, fling Mead and Sunil Raj limit. Also, to inform the afternoon class were the assigned informants throng Dillon, Joe Medlin, and Adrian Daniels. In adjoinition, unexpected informant, Louise Conyard, too joined the other three informants.As a result, the morning class informants reported that a majority of the wanted to go. (I.e. Laura Port, transport Mead and Sunil Rajput). Also, the afternoon class informants responded that the whole class put their hands up to go on the trip. (i.e. Joe Medlin, mob Dillon, Adrian Daniels and Louise Conyard). Therefore, it can be deduced that the conference event trip to Prague is highly feasible in terms of popularity. ingenious AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTherefore, it was now necessary to establish SMART (i.e. specific, measurable, achievable, realistic a nd time bound) objectives. These objectives will act as a guide for the whole group of event organisers, to monitor their progress on meeting current deadlines. These are* To provisionally book sixty-five year 12 business studies students including the supervision staff and the year thirteen event organisers with European Study Tours by Monday 15th October 2007 This will secure places for the approximate number of people who would like to go, but not certain can afford to go on the Prague trip.* To plan and action all fundraising activities by Wednesday 31st October 2007 The current travel and accommodation budget of two hundred to two hundred and sixty pounds is not affordable by everyone. So, and so the bar needs to be brocaded as much as possible before informing the parents of the final cost of this in the garners.* To have raised sufficient funds to pay for the coach fees by Tuesday twentieth November 2007 Funds will need to raised, to pay for the coach. This is a fixed co st and not variable, so including it among the travel and accommodation costs will be difficult and it will make the trip seem even more expensive. It is difficult because it cannot be measured exactly how much the coach will cost per student, since at the end of the day, the number of students going on the Prague tip can vary.* To have all letters to the Parents of the year twelve business studies students concerning the Prague trip, by Wednesday 30th November The parents need to be aware of the cost of the trip at this time as the spend Christmas is rapidly approaching. Some people spend money to purchase Christmas gifts in advance, and so informing them about the year twelve business studies students Prague trip a month before, can encourage Parents, guardians or whoever will want to pay for the trip, to monitor their pecuniary resource carefully.* To have all sixty-pound gravels in by thorium 20th December 2007 As the Prague trip will be a couple of months away, the number o f students going will have to be certain by paying deposits, so the planning process of the trip can proceed.* To have secured by Monday 15th January 2008, four lymph node speakers (ranging from medium to large sized organizations), to share their military position of business planning and a typical day for them People in Businesses have tight schedules, and so most people need to be conscious of things in advance otherwise they may make other plans to charter up their schedule. In this case, the potential guest speakers will need to be contacted and coherent for fitted dates, to give their inspirational speeches to the year twelve business studies students.* To have arranged an evening for Parents to discuss matters concerning the Prague trip for the year twelve business studies students, by Thursday 31st January 2008 As around this time, the trip will be rapidly approaching with that two to three weeks to go. Therefore, final preparations will have to be made including th e parents of the year twelve business studies students, to discuss any problems they have concerning the trip, as well as hearing the Prague trips programme in detail.* To have designed and printed out guest speakers programme and evaluation and feedback sheets by Monday 11th February 2008 The year twelve business studies students will need to be aware of what the guest speaker is going to emphasize on, so that they will know what to listen out for when taking notes, making it easier for them to organise them. At the end of the conference, the year thirteen students will need to obtain remarks based on the event, and so the easiest way to do it, instead of asking everyone who participated later, is to hand out feedback sheets for them to fill in rightful(a) after the event.Since the SMART objectives have been established, the SMART aims can now be utter as well, as all the objectives contribute towards these. These aims are* To plan and execute the Prague Trip (from start to finis h) at heart twenty-seven weeks.* To look that the Prague Trip is feasible in terms of the year twelve business studies students.* To ensure that the Prague Trip is viable in terms of the year twelve business studies students.* To provide the year twelve business studies group with an abundance of case studies to gain in their end of year examinations.* To arrive in Prague to run conference event safely, and to return to Marlborough School safely.VIABILITY AND FURTHER FEASIBILITY OF THE EVENTSince that a majority of the lower sixth form Business Studies students wish to take part in the trip. This may mean that fixed costs will be more difficult to meet compared to having a few consumers i.e. the lower sixth form business studies students. However, having numerous consumers can be advantageous when it comes to bulk purchase of the European Study Tours service, as this could qualify for a discount eventually reducing the costs per person.Although there is a possibility of a discoun t from the travel and tours, it is not worth taking a risk and waiting till all the finances are in before finding out. Pressurizing the consumers i.e. the lower sixth form business studies students, to pay within an unreasonable deadline is unethical.This will not be fair on them since the event organizers who have proposed the idea of the trip are the ones convincing them, and their parents or guardians. In the long run, this will only put the chances of the consumers deciding to go into jeopardy. This will only aggravate the state of the situation, eventually repelling the consumers. Moreover, analysing the potential scenario situation in a deeper perspective, the inter-relationship of the consumers parents and the school will be affected. Also, this may even heavily learn the decision the parents make, regarding giving permission to let their child go on future trips with Marlborough school. Most significantly, the year twelve business studies students are less likely to have s uitable case studies resources to use in their examinations, and the event organizers may have to consider the event unviable, thereby calling it off entirely.As a result, time is a very important element in this trip to Prague. Any mistakes or situations that could draw near during the administration of the trip cannot be undone because it is impossible to go back in time. It is crucial that everything is coordinate carefully by the event organisers. Therefore, in conclusion, at the 1st October 2007 meeting, the event organisers reached a verdict to cumber a fundraising event. Here, the bar can be lowered to make it easier and faster to meet the deadlines of the variable costs finances, thereby reducing time constraints. This is as there are time constraints to when all the finances can be collected by.Also, at this meeting on 1st October 2007, all of the event organisers proposed fundraising events to investigate into its feasibleness and viability. mob Dillon and Joe Medlin s uggested a school taxi service transporting students to various destinations like parties, outside school in return for a reasonable fee to raise money. Sunil Rajput and Adam Mead came up with a ginmill standpoint to raise money. mob Wardy and James Flaherty came up with the idea of a football tournament. Louise Conyard, Laura Port and James Lindsay unflinching into bag packing at a local supermarket. Laura Port and James Lindsay is employed with the supermarket giant Sainsburys, a contact which would be very useful for this fundraising activity for the whole group. Finally, Adrian Daniels and Michael Garvis looked into Mujs idea of a Halloween themed disco, as the holiday was only a few weeks away making it more sense to do it.At the future(a) weeks meeting i.e. 8th October 2007, all the event organisers reported upon their ideas feasibility and viability.Adrian Daniels and Michael Garvis reported on the Mujs idea, which was as well included in the investigation, into a Hall oween themed school disco. Michael Garvis calculated an estimated budget if this ideas was to be chosen and become a reality. However, plenty of students were required to turn up for the event and to pay the price of around three pounds per person for admission to break-even and maturate profit. But this was not for certain to excrete, so the even needed to be inviting as possible and promoted as much as possible to ensure that a lot of people turn up.In addition, Adrian Daniels found out that the school pressure group was not free of charge, although all the event organisers were part of the Marlborough School Students. By the fact that the lobby is being used for profit-making reasons, money will be required to be able to hire. Therefore, another fundraising activity would be required to raise start-up capital to be able to afford the hall, which would not require start-up capital. The school hall is the venue of the disco, so it would be essential to run the disco.However, t his was not going to be necessary as Muj looked into sponsoring of the event. He asked his local costume store in Watford for sponsorship in return of customers. Through sponsoring, another fundraising event would not be necessary anymore, since the costume store will cover the hall costs in exchange for giving them plenty of customers.Alternatively, Adrian Daniels carried out some secondary research. He interviewed the student Elke Cooper a current year thirteen student with previous experiences with organising a homogeneous event, a Valentine Days Ball. She mentioned several essentials to consider. However, she emphasized on the fact that the advertising of the event had to be very effective to the target audience as much as possible, including the Marlborough School Newsletter.Also, in terms of the event taking place, she pointed out that the event cannot be carried out during half term since the school hall facilities will be schedule and used by local sports clubs. In additio n, the school students may have other arranged plans and magnate prefer doing something other than going to the Halloween Disco.On the other hand, she also explained that the event could not happen after half term on the actual Halloween day. Halloween Day on the 2007 calendar is on a Wednesday, which is on a weekday. Unfortunately, for the event organisers, Halloween day is not a national holiday but a form school day for students, meaning the only procurable time to run the event would be after school. Marlborough School starts at nine in the morning and closes at five past three in the afternoon. afterwards a long day of hard start, the students will feel exhausted and would want to go home to relax. They would want to get rest, so later in the evening they can go fast one or treating. However, due to the winter season, the sky gets dark very fast. So, students can deal their costumes to school and after school, they can get ready whilst the disco hall gets prepared. Finally , the event can take place when it is about dark, some students catch the coach to school in the morning and back from school, so campaign this event after school on Halloween Day may not be an option at all. As a result, the event is neither feasible nor viable.James Dillon and Joe Medlin reported back on their text service idea. They suggested that services income is estimated to be around a hundred pounds, due to students who may require a tease apart to various upcoming parties over Friday and Saturday night. However, it is not certain that these students will require rides to parties that may or may not take place, since they can always be cancelled at the last minute. Therefore, this fundraising method may not seem very reliable in producing over a hundred pounds, thereby not worth doing since there are other potential fundraising methods more likely to bring in more income.Moreover, at the meeting i.e. 8th October 2007, Joe Medlin and James Dillon suggested that they may r equire more drivers within the trip organizing group. This is so that the event organisers would not have to raise extra capital to pay drivers outside this group, which can lead to less net profit. So, in addition to Joe Medlin, Sunil Rajput, James Wardy and Adam Mead all volunteered to help, who are also subordinate drivers over the age of seventeen.However, relying on all these drivers to be present when needed to give rides is not a risk worth taking. As a result, although this fundraising method may be feasible, it is certainly not viable.Alternatively, James Wardy and James Flarherty gave feedback based on their research into a football tournament. This fundraising method seemed feasible due to similar past fundraising methodsHamza Bhandari, a previous year thirteen business studies student was contacted on 6th October 2007 by Adrian Daniels, one of the event organisers. Hamza was interviewed about his past part in the betrothal in the school fundraising events. He replied t hat a penalty gunfight was run to raise money, 8y pounds was raised in total.It was successful as a substantial amount of money was raised i.e. eighty pounds. Therefore, it can be predicted that the football tournament is very likely to succeed, due the very similar penalty shootout used to raise funds. It can be predicted that the football tournament is very likely to succeed, due to the very similar penalty shootout used to raise funds. It can be deduced that the event is feasible.As a result, to ensure that the event was viable, James Flaherty and James Wardy spoke to a Physical Education surgical incision member, Mr. Lucas, about availability of the school gym facilities to hold back out the fundraising event. However, similarly to the Halloween School Disco, the hall must be hired again due to the fact that it is after school hours and the event is held purposefully to make profit. However, it was said also that there would be no time available during school, on break and l unch times.Therefore, the only time to carry out the event would be after school, meaning far less people would be available to stay and also willing to take part, particularly because there is a fee involved for participation and some people may prefer to go home instead. Consequently, this event is considered to be not very viable.Another potential fundraising event was bag packing, which was investigated by Laura Port, James Lindsay and Louise Conyard. James Lindsay was given permission by Sainsburys to do the bag packing on the Saturday of 20th October 2007, and the Saturday of 3rd November 2007.However, a disadvantage of this date is that unfortunately most of the event organisers (i.e. the year thirteen business studies students) work on this day. This means that it will be difficult getting everybody to take time off work successfully to take part in bag packing. Although not every single event organiser is working on a Saturday, but having only a few people to help out can s ignificantly shave the amounts of profit made. And so, the numbers of people present to help need to be exploitd, in order to maximise the profits made from the bag packing.But the bag packing activity will not be for the whole day. So, if the event organisers working on a Saturday morning and sacrifice their time after work to help out, their work will not coming upon with bag packing, and therefore both can occur with no problem.On the other hand, those working afternoon cuttings on Saturdays can help out in the mornings to contribute their share of bag packing. This flexibility even enables those without employment on a Saturday, to choose whenever alternate (i.e. in the morning or afternoon) they feel is more suitable for them on the day.Previously, the last year thirteen was successful working twelve o clock to five o clock in the afternoon, and producing eight hundred pounds according to James Flaherty on the 8th October meeting. Therefore, a similar time to do the shift can recreate the success last year.Another situation arising from selecting this fundraising event is that, the Sainsburys that gave James Lindsay permission is based in Garston. Marlborough school is based in St. Albans and so theoretically, this is where most people live and so a local Sainsburys fall apart will be more convenient. This also applied to the event organisers, where the majority was found to reside in St. Albans. This can be a problem because those who do not live near or in Garston will have to commute with a cost which may include paying train fare, arranging lifts or even using own cars petrol and also paying for a parking ticket for the long hours of bag packing. Ultimately, this will add up towards the overall costs that each event organiser would have to pay to go on the Prague trip.Nevertheless, Laura port one of the event organisers, devised a solution to the problem. Fortunately for the group, she is in contact with the St. Albans Sainsburys branch, and so found out about doing bag packing over there. Laura found out that she needs to challenge with a letter to this branch convincing enough to let the bag packing event happen over there. As a result, it can be deduced that this fundraising event is very feasible as James Lindsay was granted permission to do it at his local branch at Garston, and very viable due to last years profits from the event, told by James Flaherty i.e. eight hundred pounds.Finally, Sunil Rajput and Adam Mead commented on their research in doing a sanctioned community perish to raise money. Adam Mead informed the manager and found out that he had to obtain the canteen staffs full approval before running the event. The canteen staff responded that the event can take place during break time and lunch time.After the entire assigned event organisers contributed their research into potential fundraising activities to increase the finance available for the Prague trip, a take was made by the organisers to decide the top two activities that should be used for fundraising. Each organiser wrote their top two choices on a piece of paper, and folded it up to prevent any organiser from seeing this so that it would not influence their choices.The majority votes won which were the Cake Stall and Bag Packing. More votes were made to decide which activity was going to be the fundraiser, this time the whole group votes by hand. Majority votes ruled, and the Cake Stall was chosen.Without delay, plans were made to achieve and end this fundraising as soon as possible to meet the Prague trip aim was To complete fundraising events by the end of October.Therefore, Sunil Rajput and Adam Mead were assigned to confirm to the canteen staff that the fundraising event was going to happen. James Lindsay was assigned to write up a brief pillar in the Marlborough School newssheet concerning the Cake Stall and the reason for doing it. Toyosi Akinola was also assigned, to write a letter to the school head. Tinashe J . was assigned to inform the school office about the legal profession choke, asking if the school reception can be a collection point for the taprooms.On the other hand, everybody needed to decide on a date to carry out the event. As a result, the whole group selected Friday 19th October 2007. On this day of the week, year thirteen have plenty of free time, since that there is a free period in the morning (i.e 9.00am- 10.00am) , addition a one and a half period (i.e. one hour thirty minutes) of General studies, which also leaves plenty of time to spare before the sixth form lunch time (i.e. 12.25am- 1.05pm). This schedule will enable the event organisers to serve pattys during the lower/higher breaks (i.e. 10.00am- 10.20am and 11.00- 11.20am respectively) and the lower/higher lunches ( i.e. 12.20am- 1.05pm and 1.20pm-2.05pm respectively).Also, with this day being the following week, sufficient time was created to advertise the upcoming streak sales booth to the school effectiv ely. One of the main methods use to promote the patty conk was the bills that the group were asked to design, and assess at the future(a) meeting before duplicating them to put around school . An example of one of the posters put around the school grounds was (see next page)The cake carrell needed cakes to sell for profit in the cake stall. This was not included in the poster because it might put people off buying cakes from the cake stall. Therefore, the whole group came to a decision to bring in as many cakes, biscuits and other related confectionary such as cookies, whether cooked or purchased. Also, in the newsletter column that James Lindsay was assigned to compose, included thatThe following meeting was on Monday 15th October 2007. Toyosi Akinola was successful in convincing the head to permit the cake stall sell to happen with his fantastic letter. And so this was the official confirmation to let the cake stall take place on the upcoming Friday. As a result, the advance ment of this stall had to be more effective. So, the event organisers all contributed in phrasing a memo to all teachers in the school. This is how the memo moody outCAKE SELLPlease read this out to the class (Teachers)As part of their A-level Business Studies course, the year thirteen business studies students need to organise an event. They need to hold a cake sale on Friday. And to reduce the costs of this event, they need to hold this in Pascal Hall in 19th October during both breaks and lunch time.The teachers informing the students about the cake stall will ensure that they are all aware of it, even if they do not view the posters being posted up around the school. However, those who were absent to hear this memo may find out about the cake stall through the posters or their friends through word of mouth as remonstrate is a great traveller.Also, the event organisers brought in their poster designs and showed each other. Then the whole group decided what could be done to imp rove them before putting them up around the whole school. This is what one of the posters looked after amendments have been madeThe more improved versions of the poster did not include the fact that the event for was for the profit-making purpose to raise funds for the Prague trip. This part of the poster was not necessary and it had to be brief and straight to the point for people to read the whole message. However, if it was made long some people would be put off and walk away from the poster, thereby missing out on the essential message that the cake stall is on the upcoming Friday.James Lindsay failed to submit the memo to all of the teachers concerning the Cake stall. However, the newsletter column composed by the event organiser head was released by Friday, at the end of the school week. This support up James Lindsay and the message concerning the upcoming Cake Stall got through to all of the students who picked up a newsletter in their form rooms. These newsletters are usual ly handed out by the students form tutors, and so the chance of them receiving the newsletter was very high.The event organiser chair decided that all of the event organisers needed to a break time and a lunch time each, be it a lower or higher one. The lower and higher break and lunch time shifts had to be evenly distributed to all the event organisers, to make it fair on everyone. So everybody volunteered to do combinations of lower/higher breaks and lower/higher lunches to suit their own flexibility. When it seemed that too many people were in one group, (i.e. a lower/higher break or a lower/higher lunch) then event organisers such as Adrian Daniels changed group for the saki of fairness, by changing from a lower lunch to an amphetamine lunch. As a result, this was the outcome for the Cake Stall schedule for Friday 19th October 2007Lower Break Upper Break Lower Lunch high Lunch(10.00-10.20) (11.00-11.20) (12.20-13.05) (13.20-14.05)Adam Lindsay Lindsay AdamLaura Wardy Laura Adr ianLouise Dillon Wardy JoeAdrian Toyosi Dillon MujMichael Flaherty Toyosi TinasheMuj Joe Flaherty LouiseTinashe Tinashe MichaelThe Cake Stall schedule was put together in a a way, that there will be sufficient ratio of event organisers interchange and supervising, to the consumers (i.e. the school years on break or lunch time, like the years seven, eight and nine out for upper break). This way, there would not be too many event organisers at the Cake Stall at one time, or too little event organisers at the cake stall to cope at one time. Although there was an equal number of event organisers out for each cake stall stay out the upper lunch, it did not matter because any body free at the time of the upper lunch can give additional help if needed. So even if one person turned up to help the upper lunch and make all the cake stall time schedules equal, it was fitting and fair.Thursday 18th October was the date set for the event organisers to hand in their cakes. There were various cake hand-in points to take the cakes too, because the canteen would only hold the cakes for the day of the cakes stall. Some of these points were the school reception and the business studies department office. These places were selected so that the cakes could be kept secure. Preservations were not a situation as all the cakes and other confectionary had expiry dates displayed on them.This date was also the day before the big cakes stall sell, so if anybody forgot to bring in the cakes on the actual day (i.e. Friday 19th October 2007) they could bring them in, in advance. However, if anybody forgot to bring them in on Thursday, the following meeting on Thursday acted as a reminder.The finances concerning the cake stall were also discussed at the 15th October 2007 meeting.The following meeting was on Thursday 18th October, the day before the cakes stall sell. Laura Port was assigned by the event organisers chair to collect ten pounds worth of change from the bursar. channelize was required for the cake stall to start-up with, otherwise waiting to make adequate money through the cake sells in order to give the consumers (i.e. school students) change can be time consuming. The school students break or lunch time is for a limited time only. So the school students would want to be able to buy their cakes, have their break or lunch, and then finish in time for their next lessons.The event organisers also agreed that the cakes will sell from prices ranging from twenty-five to fifty pence. The prices of the cakes and the other confectionary were to be confirmed for the next meeting.Michael Garvis volunteered to bring in some margarine containers to collect the money made from the cake stall in. Petty cash or coins will mainly be used by the customers to pay for the cakes and other confectionary, so there would not be a need for a cash register. The ratio of event organisers to customers will also be sufficient enough for them to supervise the money right in trend of them.The year eight group was due to be absent for the day, which could possibly affect the rate of sales, and more significantly, the rate of sales.Joe Medlin and Adrian Daniels volunteered to collect the money made from the cake stall at the last sell, at upper lunch, to the treasurer. He or she can calculate how much has been made and keep the funds safe for future use i.e. costs going towards the trip such as coach fees.The finance issues concerning the cake stall had been discussed and sorted. So next were the health and safety concerns for the saleThe event organisers agreed to arrive ten minutes early before the cake stall sell. This would allow enough time to setup the cake stall in the hall before any commotion is caused by the consumers (i.e. the Marlborough school students). Also, it was agreed between the event organisers that the cake stall queue had to be organised, to prevent the consumers pushing each other about to get into the line. However, if the cake stall wa s not so popular and only a few students turned up, it may not be necessary to create a queue barrier.Since there is a chance of fights arising from the queue, a risk assessment is to be created to evaluate how severe incidents could potentially become during the cake stall. Then suitable health and safety measures can be carried out to protect the consumers and customers, (i.e. the school students) the cakes and other people like the teachers.As the cake stall is a business, the Governments health and safety procedures have to be observedhttp//www.rbkc.gov.uk/EnvironmentalServices/HealthAndSafety/hs_riskassessments.pdfTherefore according to the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974, employers are to take reasonably practicable precautions in various areas to safeguard employees.In this case, the event organizers are to consider suitable safety measures in the cake stall to protect all the stakeholders, which include the customers and the teachers.To do this it must be ensured that good judgment is made about the extent of risks that could happen at the cake stall, and its consequences.In regards to the legal governmental health and safety Governmental requirements, the Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1992/1999 has also been considered. It states thatEvery employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of The risks to the health and safety of his/her employees to which they are overt while they are at work and The risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him or his undertakingFor the purposes of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisions.The findings must be recorded if five or more are employed.In this case, a risk assessment must be drawn up by all the event organisers for the cake stall, in order to produce health and safety solutions for the event. Th erefore, a risk assessment will be carried out.CAKE STALL insecurity ASSESSMENTLOCATION ACTIVITY SELLING CAKESPASCAL HALL, AT STAND, AND early(a)MARLBOROUGH CONFECTIONARY SUCH AS instruct COOKIESPEOPLE AT RISKMARLBOROUGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, CUSTOMERS, CONSUMERS, TEACHERS, CANTEEN STAFF.POTENTIAL HAZARDSFIGHTING (E.G QUEUE PUSHING)EXPIRED CAKESAND OTHER CONFECTIONARY EXCITED CUSTOMERSNOISE NUTS IN CAKES,COOKIES, MUFFIN, ETCTABLE LEG WETADJUSTMENTS FLOOR MOPED BYCLEANING STAFFPOTENTIAL CONSEQUENCESSLIPPING TRIPPING OVER STAIRS FOOD ALLERGIESTOE smirch BLINDING FOOD CONTAMINATIONEXISTING CONTROLSFRESHLY BAKED CAKES/BISCUITSCAKES AND OTHER CONFECTIONARY PURCHASED WITH A VALID conclusion DATERISK RATING WITH EXISTING CONTROLSHIGH MEDIUM ? (Major Injury Fighting)LOWNEW CONTROLS indispensableQUEUE BARRIERS (To be improvised with chairs)TEACHER SUPERVISIONENSURING THAT THE HALL FLOOR IS COMPLETELY DRY in the beginningCAKE SELLING BEGINSCAKE STALL TABLES TO BE KEPT FIRMLY TOGETHER IN prop ertyRISK RATING WITH NEW CONTROLSHIGH MEDIUMLOW ? (Major injuries tripping over stairs, food allergies all cakes that are purchased from stores like Asda are not 100% certain to contain traces of nuts in them)tax assessor NAMEJOB TITLE..SIGNATURE .DATEDATE TO BE REVIEWED.The cakes and other confectionary prices were also decided on at the meeting (i.e. Thursday 18th October 2007)Fixed CostsHire of Hall0Ten pounds worth of change10Cake Stand Tables (school property)0Money containers (complimentary of Michael Garvis)0Cakes and other confectionary (donated)0Napkins ( Complimentary of James Lindsay)0Total10Variable costs (per customer)Little Muffins0.25 recoil Cupcakes0.30Cupcakes with icing0.40Big muffins0.55Big Cookies0.40Biscuits0.20Mini Fairy Cakes0.20Flapjacks0.20Small Cookies0.20The cake stall took place on Friday 19th October 2007. No incidents/accidents happened due to the new improved controls introduced from creating and making risk assessments.The follow-up meeting was twenty -ninth October 2007. The cake stall sale was reviewed.The event organisers discussed that the plain cupcakes were not so popular during the break times, and therefore were not selling well. As a result, Louise Conyard took initiative and sprinkled some icing on top of all of them to add value and sped up sales. This simple action helped to sell all of them.There were certain cakes that were selling well and not selling so well. And so, it was discussed between the event organisers that more of these high in film cakes could have been purchased during the day of the cake stall to boost sales. This would have also have boosted profits.Also, it was mentioned during the meeting that the cake stall was not as popular as anticipated. This may have been due to the fact that promotion was not as effective as required, and that insufficient posters may have been posted up around the school. In future, marketing of the event would need to be more effective if another fundraising event had to take place, to raise additional funds.However, some of the Marlborough school students may have preferred bringing their own snacks to school or buying other snacks in school, and bringing their own packed lunch to school or buying school dinners from the canteen. This competition between the canteen and the cake stall during the break and lunchtimes could have by all odds hindered sales.Not all of the cakes sold at the end of both breaks and lunches, so event organisers including James Dillon and Toyosi Akinola discussed their idea of how they went round the school trying to boost sales with a tray of cakes and other related confectionary. This was highly successful since all of them were soldAs a result, two hundred and twenty four pounds in total was produced from the event. It was considered that this could be used to pay off the trips fixed costs, including the coach fees. However, this was insufficient capital to meet these costs.Adrian Daniels, one of the groups of event or ganisers contacted the South Mimms Coach travel service, a very good, long-term coach supplier for Marlborough School. The quote that Adrian received was thatTwo coaches including baggage space to transport approximately eighty people would cost five hundred pounds. This will include parking spaces and waiting time at the Luton Airport and Marlborough School. A South Mimms Coaches representativeFrom the look of the amount of funds raised from the cake stall, around half of the coach fees have been raised. Therefore, an additional fundraising event will be required and the objective to work through all fundraising events by Wednesday 31st October 2007 would have to be extended the maximum an additional month, otherwise it could clash with the deadline to have all the letters to the parents concerning the Prague Trip out.As a result, the second place fundraising event chosen was Bag Packing, and this alternative will also be used to boost the current musical accompaniment towards t he Prague Trip of two hundred and twenty-four pounds. Laura Port volunteered to get in contact with the Sainsburys branch in St. Albans, whilst James Dillon also agreed to get in contact with his local Sainsburys branch too, at Garston. Therefore, in order to meet the next objective, this event would have taken place by the end of November. Since at least two Saturdays are required for the whole group to carry out bag packing, and the first fundraising event (i.e. the cake stall) has taken place before the end of October, So far accomplishing the objectives to date, the Prague trip is proved feasible.Since the critical parts of the event organisation process are out of the way, it is possible to proceed with planning the rest of the event and careful monitoring that everything goes to plan and progress is monitored vigilantly. Most significantly, the finances will have to be watched, since they determine whether or nor the trip will take place entirely.Therefore, a letter to the par ents will need to be released by the end of November, making them aware of the upcoming deposit deadlines and other details relevant to the Prague trip.At the first meeting back after the school summer vacations i.e. 24th September 2007, the event organizers of the year thirteen business studies students decided that the most appropriate solution to communicate the message about the Prague trip to the parents would be to write a formal letter as soon as possible. This would explain to the parents as well as the students What the event is about Why they should go on the trip What is required for the trip to occur When it will take place and end What the trip co-coordinators are aiming to attain for the students who go on the trip The eventual benefits Keeping both parents and the student cutting-edge with the most recent news regarding the conference trip.At the end of the letter, an optional cut-out permission slip can allow for the student and the parents to agree on whether or no t he or she can go on the trip, backed up with their individual signatures.All the event organisers agreed to design a letter being addressed to the parents of the year twelve business studies students concerning the Prague Trip. All the best aspects of the whole groups letters were to be combined in fashioning the perfect letter. An example of a letter design of one of the event organisers wasRe Educational Trip to PragueDear Sir/Madam,We are proud to inform you that the Year 13 Business Studies students are organizing a business conference that will be great benefit to your childs education, particularly in AS level Business Studies. At the end of the course, students must write a Business Studies exam based on people at work.In this exam, they will have to apply that knowledge of what they have learnt during the year, including applying and referring it to real- existing business firms. The exam is worth 33.3% of their final AS grade in the course, so the information they can obt ain from companies to apply in case studies to fulfil their exam specification requirements is vital.Various guest speakers representing the different business firms will come in and give an inspirational intercourse to the students about what their job role is on a typical day as well as their personal experiences. The students will be given plenty of opportunities to take notes and questions, so they will most unimpeachably make the most of their stay their. They will also visit businesses like a beer factory and also have time to do some Prague sightseeing while they are appreciating the scenery of places like the Prague Castle, and so onThe trip to Prague, the capital city of Czech Republic will take place on Thursday 21st February till Sunday 24th February 2008. Coaches will arrive and depart on time to their airport, so please ensure that your child gets to the departure point at a suitable time. We will ensure that you will be informed about most recent news regarding thi s trip, so we will keep you updated.Communication is very important, especially when there are time constraints. Therefore, it is vital that when it comes to communicating, it is done effectively so that all the event organizers are motivated to persevere to accomplish the Prague Trip objectives. Time could be constrained even more if they are demotivated to meet these goals, which makes communication crucial for the event to succeed. Although all the event organizers may have the potential to succeed as a unit (i.e. a pseudo team), but so far if they are all not organized well enough and fail to contribute to the team where they may specialize, for example bringing in imaginative concepts to which everyone going to the Prague trip can alert each other whenever when in Prague, then the whole group is at risk of collapsing.Therefore, the event organizers need allocate one another job roles where each other fits in or works best. But before this can happen, the whole group needs to be aware of the Prague trip schedule from start to finish, so that everybody will realize at which point in this schedule they can take an active role in. As a result, a Gantt chart will be created to meet this need.